Embodied Agent´s Nonverbal Behavior
Against the background that recent studies on embodied
conversational agents demonstrate the importance of their behavior, an experimental study is presented that assessed the effects of different nonverbal behaviors of an
embodied conversational agent on the experiences and evaluations of the user as well as on their behavior. 50 participants conducted a conversation with different versions of the
virtual agent Max, whose nonverbal communication was manipulated with regard to eyebrow movements and self-touching gestures. In a 2x2 between subjects design each behavior was varied in two levels: occurrence of the behavior compared to the absence of the behavior. The behavior of the participants was analyzed to determine whether the user mimics the agent´s behavior. Results show that self-touching gestures compared to no self-touching gestures have positive effects on the experiences and evaluations of the user, whereas eyebrow raising evoked less positive experiences and evaluations in contrast to no eyebrow raising. The nonverbal behavior of the participants was not affected by the agent’s nonverbal behavior. Implications for agent design and basic research on nonverbal communication are discussed.